Policy Framework and Methodological System of Inclusive Development of Health Service System and Physical Activity / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the theory and methods of integrating sports into modern health service systems. Methods:Based on the theory of World Health Organization modern health service systems and the policy guideline Rehabilitation in Health Service Systems, we analyzed how to promote the integration of sports into modern health service systems in six areas: leadership and governance capacity, financing, health human resources, service delivery, medical technology and health information systems, systematically analyzed the key elements and requirements for integrating physical education and sports into the health service system in the four segments of the health service continuum: prevention, intervention, rehabilitation and health promotion. Results:The goal of building a human-centered, cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary health service system was proposed, requiring the promotion of the integration of medicine and sports, the use of sports intervention as a method of health intervention, the development of service technologies and standards for the integration of sports and health; the training of professionals who master sports intervention and sports rehabilitation, and the development of information systems to promote the development of the integration of sports and health services. Conclusion:Sports is an important mean of health and an important part of modern health services. Starting from the components of the health service system, we can build a theoretical and methodological system for integrating sports into the modern health service system, so as to promote the realization of a health service system covering the whole population and the whole life cycle, achieve the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages; and realize the goals related to "Healthy China".

Expression and functions of long non-coding RNA actin filament-associated protein 1-antisense RNA1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) actin filament-associated protein 1-antisense RNA1 (AFAP1-AS1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effect on the biobehavior of OSCC cells.@*METHODS@#Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 in the tumor tissue and matching adjacent normal tissue of OSCC patients (n=55), SCC25 cells, and normal oral keratinocyte lines (NOK) cells. The correlation between AFAP1-AS1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients was analyzed. The relationship between AFAP1-AS1 and prognosis was also studied with the Kaplan-Meier method. AFAP1-AS1 siRNA was transfected into the SCC25 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Trans-well were used to detect cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The expression of the invasion-associated protein, AFAP1, and Rho GTPase family members, was detected by Western blot. In addition, the immunofluorescence of the cytoskeletal actin filament was observed.@*RESULTS@#The expression of AFAP1-AS1 was higher in the OSCC tissues than in the NOK cells, and the relative expression of AFAP1-AS1 was higher in the SCC25 cells than in the NOK cells (P<0.001). AFAP1-AS1 expression was associated with the degree of diffe-rentiation, TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis of OSCC (P<0.05). Patients with a high expression of AFAP1-AS1 had lower survival rates than those with a low expression of AFAP1-AS1 (P<0.05). After transfected by AFAP1-AS1 siRNA, the expression of AFAP1-AS1 was downregulated. The inhibition of AFAP1-AS1 expression consequently suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SCC25. Moreover, AFAP1-AS1 siRNA upregulated the expression levels of AFAP1, RhoA, Rac2, Rab10, RhoGDI, and Pfn1 but downregulated the expression of RhoC. Immunofluorescence showed that AFAP1-AS1 also reduced the formation of stress filaments in the cytoskeleton and affected the integrity of the actin fila-ment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of AFAP1-AS1 was high in the OSCC tissues and SCC25 cells and is associated with the development and prognosis of OSCC. The knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 might inhibit the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells by regulating the integrity of the actin filament.

New Mutation of Coenzyme Q Monooxygenase 6 Causing Podocyte Injury in a Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Patient / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease that is commonly associated with proteinuria and the progressive loss of renal function, which is characterized by podocyte injury and the depletion and collapse of glomerular capillary segments. The pathogenesis of FSGS has not been completely elucidated; however, recent advances in molecular genetics have provided increasing evidence that podocyte structural and functional disruption is central to FSGS pathogenesis. Here, we identified a patient with FSGS and aimed to characterize the pathogenic gene and verify its mechanism.@*Methods@#Using next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we screened the causative gene that was linked to FSGS in this study. The patient's total blood RNA was extracted to validate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of coenzyme Q monooxygenase 6 (COQ6) and validated it by immunohistochemistry. COQ6 knockdown in podocytes was performed in vitro with small interfering RNA, and then, F-actin was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, the expression of active caspase-3 was determined by Western blot, and mitochondrial function was detected by MitoSOX.@*Results@#Using whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we screened a new causative gene, COQ6, NM_182480: exon1: c.G41A: p.W14X. The mRNA expression of COQ6 in the proband showed decreased. Moreover, the expression of COQ6, which was validated by immunohistochemistry, also had the same change in the proband. Finally, we focused on the COQ6 gene to clarify the mechanism of podocyte injury. Flow cytometry showed significantly increased in apoptotic podocytes, and Western blotting showed increases in active caspase-3 in si-COQ6 podocytes. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased and F-actin immunofluorescence was irregularly distributed in the si-COQ6 group.@*Conclusions@#This study reported a possible mechanism for FSGS and suggested that a new mutation in COQ6, which could cause respiratory chain defect, increase the generation of ROS, destroy the podocyte cytoskeleton, and induce apoptosis. It provides basic theoretical basis for the screening of FSGS in the future.

Embryonic Stem Cells-loaded Gelatin Microcryogels Slow Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a public health problem. New interventions to slow or prevent disease progression are urgently needed. In this setting, cell therapies associated with regenerative effects are attracting increasing interest. We evaluated the effect of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) on the progression of CKD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy. We used pedicled greater omentum flaps packing ESC-loaded gelatin microcryogels (GMs) on the 5/6 nephrectomized kidney. The viability of ESCs within the GMs was detected using in vitro two-photon fluorescence confocal imaging. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Renal injury was evaluated using serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, 24 h protein, renal pathology, and tubular injury score results. Structural damage was evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff and Masson trichrome staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, ESCs could be automatically loaded into the GMs. Uniform cell distribution, good cell attachment, and viability were achieved from day 1 to 7 in vitro. After 12 weeks, in the pedicled greater omentum flaps packing ESC-loaded GMs on 5/6 nephrectomized rats group, the plasma urea nitrogen levels were 26% lower than in the right nephrectomy group, glomerulosclerosis index was 62% lower and tubular injury index was 40% lower than in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats group without GMs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In a rat model of established CKD, we demonstrated that the pedicled greater omentum flaps packing ESC-loaded GMs on the 5/6 nephrectomized kidney have a long-lasting therapeutic rescue function, as shown by the decreased progression of CKD and reduced glomerular injury.</p>

Predictive factors for the local recurrence and distant metastasis of phyllodes tumors of the breast: a retrospective analysis of 192 cases at a single center / 癌症

The local recurrence rate of phyllodes tumors of the breast varies widely among different subtypes, and distant metastasis is associated with poor survival. This study aimed to identify factors that are predictive of local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with phyllodes tumors of the breast. Clinical data of all patients with a phyllodes tumor of the breast (n = 192) treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 1997 and December 2012 were reviewed. The Pearson Χ² test was used to investigate the relationship between clinical features of patients and histotypes of tumors. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors that are predictive of LRFS, DMFS, and OS. In total, 31 (16.1%) patients developed local recurrence, and 12 (6.3%) developed distant metastasis. For the patients who developed local recurrence, the median age at the diagnosis of primary tumor was 33 years (range, 17-56 years), and the median size of primary tumor was 6.0 cm (range, 0.8-18 cm). For patients who developed distant metastasis, the median age at the diagnosis of primary tumor was 46 years (range, 24-68 years), and the median size of primary tumor was 5.0 cm (range, 0.8-18 cm). In univariate analysis, age, size, hemorrhage, and margin status were found to be predictive factors for LRFS (P = 0.009, 0.024, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively), whereas histotype, epithelial hyperplasia, margin status, and local recurrence were predictors of DMFS (P = 0.001, 0.007, 0.007, and < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors for LRFS included age [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.045, P = 0.005], tumor size (HR = 2.668, P = 0.013), histotype (HR = 1.715, P = 0.017), and margin status (HR = 4.530, P< 0.001). Histotype (DMFS: HR = 4.409, P = 0.002; OS: HR = 4.194, P = 0.003) and margin status (DMFS: HR = 2.581, P = 0.013; OS: HR = 2.507, P = 0.020) were independent predictors of both DMFS and OS. In this cohort, younger age, a larger tumor size, a higher tumor grade, and positive margins were associated with lower rates of LRFS. Histotype and margin status were found to be independent predictors of DMFS and OS.

Clinicopathological characteristics of male breast cancer: analysis of 25 cases at a single institution / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate general and clinicopathological characteristics of male breast cancer and analyzed the factors affecting the outcomes of the patients based on the data from a single institution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-five male breast cancer patients treated at Sun Yet-sen University Cancer Center between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2011 were included into the study. The patients were followed up for 1 to 90 months with a median follow-up of 51 months. The general and clinicopathological characteristics including family history, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, site of tumor, location of tumor, histological type, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), P53 expression, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant endocrine therapy, tumor size, lymph node status, distant metastasis and TNM stage were investigated by univariate analysis to evaluate the impact of these factors on patient survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 5-year survival rate was 66.5% in these patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor size, lymph node status, distant metastasis and TNM stage were significant predictors for the overall survival. Patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy tended to have a better overall survival, though this was not supported statistically (P=0.086). However, patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a poorer overall survival than those without it (P=0.000). Patients in stages I and II had better overall survival than those in stages III and IV (P=0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 5-year survival rate was 66.5% in these male breast cancer patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor size, lymph node status, distant metastasis and TNM stage are significant predictors of the overall patient survival.</p>

Lapatinib plus capecitabine in treating HER2-positive advanced breast cancer: efficacy, safety, and biomarker results from Chinese patients / 癌症

Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is associated with poor prognosis. This single-arm open-label trial (EGF109491; NCT00508274) was designed to confirm the efficacy and safety of lapatinib in combination with capecitabine in 52 heavily pretreated Chinese patients with HER2-positive MBC. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), time to response (TTR), duration of response (DoR), central nervous system (CNS) as first site of relapse, and safety. The results showed that there were 23 patients with partial responses and 7 patients with stable disease, resulting in a CBR of 57.7%. The median PFS was 6.34 months (95% confidence interval, 4.93-9.82 months). The median TTR and DoR were 4.07 months (range, 0.03-14.78 months) and 6.93 months (range, 1.45-9.72 months), respectively. Thirteen (25.0%) patients had new lesions as disease progression. Among them, 2 (3.8%) patients had CNS disease reported as the first relapse. The most common toxicities were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (59.6%), diarrhea (48.1%), rash (48.1%), hyperbilirubinemia (34.6%), and fatigue (30.8%). Exploratory analyses of oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA suggested that of 38 patients providing a tumor sample, baseline PIK3CA mutation status was not associated with CBR (P = 0.639) or PFS (P = 0.989). These data confirm that the lapatinib plus capecitabine combination is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for Chinese women with heavily pretreated MBC, irrespective of PIK3CA status.

Neuroendocrine tumors of the kidney: report of 3 cases and review of the literature / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the biological and clinicopathological characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors of the kidney (KNETs) for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The pathological and clinical features of 3 KNET cases treated in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between 1999 and 2010 were summarized, and the the histogenesis, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis of KNETs were analyzed with review of all reported cases worldwide.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 3 patients had waist masses but without clinical manifestations of carcinoid syndrome, and underwent resection of the tumors. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was carcinoid carcinoma in 2 patients and Wilms tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation in 1 patient. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the tumors were positively stained for cytokeratin and vimentin; positivity for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin was found in 2 cases, and chromogranin positivity in 1 case. After the operation, 1 patient received chemotherapy, 1 had biotherapy and radiotherapy, and 1 received no further treatment. During the follow-up from 6 months to 6 years, 1 patient died of tumor metastasis, 1 was lost to follow-up, and 1 showed no recurrence until now.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KNETs has specific pathological characteristics. Abdominal masses, acute loin pain and hematuria are the most common symptoms. A definite diagnosis relies on pathology and immunohistochemistry. For early carcinoid carcinoma, surgical resection is curable, but in advanced cases, the prognosis is poor and comprehensive therapy is recommended.</p>

Effects of selenium,iodine deficiency and their combination on bone and cartilage growth in parental and first filial generation rats / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the effects of selenium deficiency,iodine deficiency and combined selenium and iodine deficiency on bone and cartilage growth in the parental and the first filial generation rats. Methods Forty-eight weanling healthy SD rats were randomly divided into selenium deficieney, iodine deficiency, combined selenium and iodine deficiency and control groups according to their body mass. These rats were fed with selenium deficiency, iodine deficiency, combined selenium and iodine deficiency, and normal fodder, respectively. The parental rats (about 3 months old) were mated in each group 8 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Right tibias and left knee joints were collected when the parental generation rats were about 6 months and the first filial generation rats were about 3 months old. Tibial length, mid-shaft tibial diameter, and articular cartilage diameters of the right tibias were measured by vernier caliper. Left knee joints were embedded and cut into sections and the thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in growth plate cartilage were observed under the light microscope. Results The selenium deficiency had significant effect on serum selenium level of the parental and the first filial generation rats(F value were 239.56,232.68, P< 0.01), and also on serum T4 level of the first filial generation rats(F value were 6.95, P < 0.05). The iodine deficiency had significant effect on serum T3 and T4 level in the two generations rats(F value were 14.11,14.05,30.29,34.53, P < 0.01 ). There were interactions between selenium deficiency and iodine deficiency on serum T4 level in the first filial generation rats (F= 5.99, P< 0.05). The serum selenium of selenium deficiency group[ (30.28 ± 6.34), (43.95 ± 9.75)μg/L],combined selenium and iodine deficiency group[ (30.33 ± 5.18), (35.40 ± 3.16)μg/L] were significantly lower than iodine deficiency group[(345.83 ± 29.55), (245.24 ± 9.95)μg/L] and the controls[ (358.64 ± 30.50), (236.50 ±9.75) μg/L] in the two generations. The serum T3 of combined selenium and iodine deficiency group [(0.55 ± 0.05 ),(0.88 ± 0.14)nmol/L] were significantly lower than the controls[(0.75 ± 0.08), (1.26 ± 0.26)nmol/L] in the two generations. The serum T4 of iodine deficiency [ (24.11 ± 2.29), (42.10 ± 8.92) nmol/L ] and combined selenium and iodine deficiency group[ (20.66 ± 1.93), (26.55 ± 5.98)nmol/L] were significantly lower than the controls[ (36.15 ±2.74), (52.79 ± 8.84)nmol/L] and selenium deficiency group[ (28.12 ± 3.33), (52.02 ± ll.99)nmol/L] in the two generations. The selenium deficiency and iodine deficiency had significant effect on tibial length, thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in first filial generation rats(F values were 24.31,6.98,40.76,56.15,25.24,82.82, 10.07,5.57, P <0.05 or <0.01). There were interactions between selenium deficiency and iodine deficiency on tibial length, thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes (F values were 5.68,24.86,41.82,9.12, P <0.05 or <0.01 ). The tibial length of the selenium deficiency group[ (33.17 ± 0.34)mm] and combined selenium and iodine deficiency group[ (31.30 ± 0.87)mm] were significantly lower than the controls[ (34.12 ± 0.32)mm, P< 0.05]. Thickness of the growth plate cartilage [ (1.60 ± 0.18)mm ], layers of proliferative chondrocyte (8.54 ± 0.81), and hypertrophic chondrocyte (4.95 ± 0.37)of the combined selenium and iodine deficiency group were significantly decreased when compared to the selenium deficiency group[ (3.03 ± 0.10)mm, 14.68 ± 0.84,6.60 ± 0.31], iodine deficiency group[ (2.90 ± 0.09)mm, 13.75 ±0.33,6.61 ± 0.84 ] and the controls [ (3.19 ± 0.09) mm, 14.94 ± 0.36, 6.64 ± 0.26, P <0.05]. Thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative chondrocyte of the iodine deficiency group were lower than the controls(P<0.05). Conclusions Selenium deficiency impair tibial growth in first filial generation rats, iodine deficiency retarded the chondroncyte proliferation and decreases the thickness of growth plate cartilage in first filial generation rats, and combined selenium and iodine deficiency significantly impair the growth of bone and cartilage in first filial generation rats.

Clinical features and survival analysis of different subtypes of patients with breast cancer brain metastases / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>The brain is one of the most common metastatic sites of breast cancer. Brain metastases develop in 10%-15% of patients with breast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and survival of patients with brain metastases due to breast cancer of different subtypes and to identify the prognostic factors that affect clinical outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 89 patients with breast cancer brain metastases diagnosed between October 1997 and July 2008 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were included in this study. Among the 89 patients, the number of luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and triple-negative (TN) subtypes were 30, 20, 16, and 14, respectively; 9 patients had an unknown subtype. The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, and prognostic factors were analyzed both at the initial diagnosis and at the diagnosis of brain metastases. Endocrine therapy for patients with luminal subtypes was further studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of patients was 46 years (range 28-74 years). The median survival time was 8.0 months (range, 0-80 months), the 1-year survival rate was 32% and the 5-year survival rate was 4%. The time to brain metastasis differed according to clinical stage at the initial diagnosis, and the time for patients with the luminal A subtype was the longest (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that performance status score > 1, multiple brain metastases and without whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in combination with chemotherapy were associated with poor prognosis. Compared with the luminal A subtype, features of the HER-2 and TN subtypes included early metastases, rapid progression after first-line treatment (8.0 months vs. 11.0 months), and poor overall survival (25.0 months vs. 63.0 months). The luminal A subtype showed a tendency for good prognosis and slow growth. Tamoxifen could improve the survival of luminal A/B subtypes (median survival 24.0 months vs. 7.0 months, respectively, P = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prognosis of brain metastases from breast cancer was poor, especially in patients with HER-2 and TN subtypes. Generally, WBRT in combination with chemotherapy was the standard treatment modality. Patients with the luminal subtypes could benefit from tamoxifen.</p>

Genetic polymorphism of 15 STR on chromosome 2 and 11 in Shaanxi Han people in China / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 15 short tandem repeat(STR)loci on chromosome 2 and chromosome 11 in Shaanxi Han people in China.@*METHODS@#Fluorescence-based gene scan technique was used to examine the genetic polymorphism of 15 STR loci in 175 unrelated individuals from Chinese Han population in Shannxi province.@*RESULTS@#The number of alleles D2S335, D2S396, D2S338, D2S2382, D2S305, D2S151, D2S2368, D2S391,D11S912, D11S4090, D11S4147, D11S4190, D11S4149, D11S4126, and D11S4094 was 11,11,11,10,8,8,9,12 ,7,11,8,10,5,5, and 6. The distribution of allele frequencies of the 15 STR was consistent with Hard-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Heterozygosity (H) value was 0.4216 to approximately 0.8517, the average power of discrimination (DP) was 0.6568 to approximately 0.9598, polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.4078 to approximately 0.8366, and probability of paternity exclusion (EPP) was 0.3135 to approximately 0.8537.@*CONCLUSION@#The 15 STR loci have relatively high genetic polymorphism in Shaanxi Han population, which provides the genetic structure of Chinese Han groups, and is also useful in anthropology and forensic science.

Efficacy and toxicity of trastuzumab combined vinorelbine in 21 patients with HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity in patients with HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one patients with HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer entered into the study. Trastuzumab (8 mg/kg day 1, then 6 mg/kg every 21 days or 4 mg/kg, then 2 mg/kg every week) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m(2)) was given on days 1 and 8 every 21 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall 56 cycles were given to the 21 patients enrolled into the study (mean 2, range 1-6). All can be evaluated. The response rate was 33.33% (7/21), one patient achieved complete response (CR), six patients achieved partial response (PR), four patients achieved stable disease (SD), ten patients achieved progressive disease (PD)]. The median time to progression was 3.5 months. One year overall survival was 33%. The major toxicity was myelosuppression and peripheral neuritis. A few patients were observed with fever and lower grade cardiac failure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of trastuzumab and vinorelbine is an effective and well tolerated therapy in patients with pretreated metastatic breast cancer.</p>

Organic gallium improves tretinoin-induced osteoporosis in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of organic gallium and gallium chloride on bone metabolism and their therapeutic effect against tretinoin-induced osteoporosis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat models of osteoporosis was established with intragastric administration of tretinoin at the daily dose of 85 mg/kg for 15 days and randomized into control, organic gallium and gallium chloride groups. After administration of the corresponding treatments (none for the control group) for 4 weeks, the changes of the indices for osteoporosis were evaluated through biochemical and pathological approaches.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tretinoin induced obvious changes in bone structure and contents of bone calcium and other elements, causing also significantly increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), which suggested the development of osteoporosis. Administration of organic gallium and gallium chloride treatments increased the bone density, bone cortex thickness and the percentage of bone trabecula, and Ga, Ca, P contents in the femur and teeth, but lowered the activity of TRAP and AKP, suggesting decreased bone conversion rate. Compared with gallium chloride, organic gallium required smaller dose with better safety to produce better therapeutic effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Organic gallium can be safe and effective for treatment of tretinoin-induced osteoporosis in rats.</p>

Serum hyaluronic acid, tumor necrosis factor -alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, NO, and Se levels in adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), NO, and Se with the clinical manifestations in adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total 216 adults were selected for KBD screening from the KBD-prevalent areas in Yongshou county and the non-KBD areas of Chang'an county, Xi'an city, ShaanXi Province. According to the National Diagnostic Criteria of Kashin-Beck Disease in China, the diagnoses of KBD was established in 25 adult patients (11 men and 14 women, average age of 47.88+/-11.16 years), and 20 healthy control subjects from the KBD areas (8 men and 12 women, average age of 47.85+/-12.05 years) and 20 from the non-KBD areas (8 men and 12 women, average age of 47.45+/-11.24 years) were also selected to serve as controls. There was no significant difference in the average age and gender distribution between the 3 groups. The serum levels of HA, TNF-alpha, VEGF, NO and Se were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nitrate reductase method and griphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum NO level was significantly higher in KBD group (41.7+/-21.89 micromol/L) than in the health controls from KBD areas (17.1+/-13.01 micromol/L) and non-KBD areas (17.58+/-11.48 micromol/l, F=13.11, df=2, P<0.001). Serum TNF-alpha level in KBD group (32.7+/-3.55 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects from the non-KBD areas (30.95+/-2.22 pg/ml, F=3.672, df=2, P=0.031), but similar with the control subjects from the KBD areas (32.7+/-3.55 pg/ml). Serum TNF-alpha and NO levels were identified as the indices that differed between adult KBD patients and the controls from both KBD and non-KBD areas by differential analysis (the function of differentiation was 0.062xNO+0.173xTNF -7.218).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum TNF-alpha and NO levels are significantly increased in adult KBD patients and are associated with the clinical manifestations of KBD.</p>

Modified BFM-90 regimen greatly improves treatment outcomes of chinese childhood and adolescent lymphoblastic lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of modified BFM-90 regimen originated from Germany authors in the treatment of Chinese childhood and adolescent lymphoblastic lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six untreated lymphoblastic lymphoma patients aged from 3 to 18 years were included, with 1 patient in stage II , 9 in stage III and 26 in stage IV. Of these 36 patients, 28 (77.7%) were diagnosed as T cell phenotype, 26 (72. 2%) were found to have mediastinal mass, 21 (58. 3%) had bone marrow involvement. All patients received chemotherapy of modified BFM-90 regimen consisting of induction remission, central nerve system prophylaxis, re-induction remission and maintenance therapy. Total treatment duration was two years. The difference from standard BFM-90 is that we omitted cranial radiotherapy but gave regular high dose methotrexate (MTX) iv infusion and intrathecal MTX therapy during maintenance therapy period. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate survival rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 36 patients, 32 (88%) achieved complete remission (CR) , 1 (2. 7%) partial remission (PR) with an overall response rate of 90.7%. One patient had disease progression ( DP). Two patients received autologous stem cell transplantation at CR1, and two patients received radiotherapy to mediastinum. Totally, 5 patients relapsed, while 2 of them were still alive after salvage chemotherapy. The other 3 died of tumor progression. Two patients died during induction remission, 1 of fungal septicemia, the other of cerebral hemorrhage; one PR and one DP patient died of disease, therefore, totally 7 patients died at last. Median follow-up time was 28 months. Overall three-year survival rate was 78. 3%. The major toxicity was myelosuppression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Modified BFM-90 protocol can improve the efficacy and survival of Chinese childhood and adolescent lymphoblastic lymphoma with tolerable toxicity. However, this modified protocol should only be used in experienced cancer center or hematological unit.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents in stem rind of Wikstroemia indica / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in stem rind of Wikstroemia indica.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated by column chromatographies with silica gel and ODS, and identified by NMR, MS spectra.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds, daphnoretin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), quercitin (2), physcion (3), kaempferol 3-rutinoside (4), D-primev-ersyl genkwanine (5), and anabellamide (6) were isolated and identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All of them were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

A new dicoumarin from stem bark of Wikstroemia indica / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents form stem bark of Wikstroemia indica.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds, daphnoretin (I), tricin (II), daucosterol (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), umbelliferone (V), genkwanin (VI), and 6'-hydroxy, 7-O-7'-dicoumarin (VII), were isolated and identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound VII was a new compound and compounds III, V were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

Determination of four components in root of Saposhnikovia divaricata by HPLC gradient elution / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC method for determination of components in root of Saposhnikovia divaricata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The separation of four components was achieved on a reversed-phase Alltima C18 column with MeOH-H2O gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six samples were determined and there is no distinct difference between the contents determined by the new and old methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The new method is more simple and convenient than the old method.</p>

Comparison of apoptosis of articular chondrocytes in the pathogenesis of Kashin-beck disease and primary osteoarthritis / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate chondrocyte apoptosis and expression of Fas and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in articular cartilage in the pathogenesis of Kashin-beck disease (KBD) and primary osteoarthritis (OA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The collected samples of articular cartilage were divided into three groups: normal control (15 cases), KBD adults (15 cases) and OA (15 cases). Chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling method, and Fas and iNOS in articular cartilage were stained by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive percentages of chondrocyte apoptosis stained in articular cartilage of KBD and OA were significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.01), and the positive percentage of chondrocytes apoptosis in the eroded areas of articular cartilage were significantly higher than in the non-eroded areas in articular cartilage of the same patient with KBD and OA (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in positive percentage of chondrocytes apoptosis between KBD and OA. The positive percentages of Fas and iNOS in chondrocytes were significantly higher in KBD and OA than in control (P < 0.01). Significant differences in Fas and iNOS expression between the eroded areas and non-eroded areas were seen in articular cartilage of patients with KBD and OA (P < 0.05), but such difference did not exist between KBD and OA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cell apoptosis seems to be associated with the pathogenesis of both KBD and OA. Fas and iNOS might mediate chondrocyte apoptosis.</p>

Analysis of allele frequencies of 6 short tandem repeat loci on chromosome 12 in patients with Kashing-Beck disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the allele frequencies of 6 STR loci (D12S358, D12S1675, D12S1663, D12S1697, D12S16725 and D12S1613) on chromosome 12 among KBD patients and residents in the KBD and non-KBD areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EDTA-blood samples were collected from 146 unrelated Chinese Han individuals in Shaanxi Province including 57 KBD patients, 48 control subjects living in the Kashing-Beck disease(KBD) area and 48 in the non-KBD area. The DNA samples were extracted and amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were analyzed by ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In KBD patients, the allele number for the 6 STR loci (D12S358, D12S1675, D12S1663, D12S1697, D12S16725 and D12S1613) was 7, 7, 7, 10, 12 and 8, and the genotype number were 13, 12, 9, 17, 19 and 10, respectively; in the residents in KBD area, the allele number was 7, 5, 7, 9, 13 and 9, and the genotype number 12, 10, 12, 19, 16 and 8; in residents in non-KBD area, the allele number was 7, 5, 5, 12, 8 and 9, and the genotype number 17, 16, 8, 22, 14 and 8. There were significant differences in the allele frequencies in the D12S1725 loci between KBD patients and residents living in KBD area (P=0.0119) and the non-KBD area (P=0.0050), but no significant difference in other 5 loci among the 3 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KBD patients have significantly different allele distribution patterns in the D12S1725 loci from the control subjects.</p>